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| File Format-Specific Reference for the IMPORT and EXPORT Procedures |
In computer programming,a delimited text file is a file in which the individual data values containembedded delimiters, such as quotation marks, commas, and tabs. A delimiteris a character that separates words or phrases in a text string that definesthe beginning or end of a contiguous string of character data.
The delimiter is not considered part of the character data string.
The first row ofdata is usually read as column headings.
The column headings are then converted to SAS variable names.
A line character indicates a newrow.
Note: Support of delimited files is included in Base SAS. The SAS/ACCESSto PC Files license is not needed to use this list of features.
| CSV Files |
A comma-separated values file is a form of a delimited file. The data valuesare separated by commas. In a CSV-type file, each line can represent one ofthese items:
an entry
a record
a row
an observation in a database managementsystem
other applications
| Tab-Delimited File |
A tab-delimited file is a form of delimited file. The data values areseparated by control characters that represent the TAB key. The data valuesform columns of a database table. The columns can be exported to a databasetable.
| Other Delimiters |
Files that have other delimiters such as spaces or semicolons are alsoknown as delimited text files or delimited files.
| External File Interface (EFI) |
The SAS Import and Export Wizards use the SAS External FileInterface methods to read and write data in delimited external files.
Be aware of these behaviors when using the wizards and procedures toimport or export data in delimited files.
When data values are enclosed in quotation marks, delimiters withinthe value are treated as character data.
Quotation marks are removed from character values.
Two consecutive delimiters indicate a missingvalue.
A delimiter can be specified as one or more characters.
While exporting data, the EXPORT procedure discards items thatexceed the output line length. See the DROPOVER= option in the FILE statementin the SAS Language Reference: Dictionary.
The delimiter can be in binary form. Example: delimiter='09'X.
As the IMPORT procedure reaches the end of the currentinput datarow, variables without any values are set to missing.
| Using the SAS Import and Export Wizards and The IMPORT Procedure |
| IMPORT and EXPORT Procedure Statements for Delimited Files |
The supported file types are CSV (comma-separated values), TAB(tab-separated values), and DLM (delimiter-separated values).
See:Example 1: Import a Tab-Delimited File into SAS and Example 3: Export a SAS Data Set to a CSV File
| Delimited File Type | Statement Options | PROC Import | PROC Export | Valid Value | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSV and TAB | DATAROW | Yes | No | 1 to 2147483647 | 2 |
| GETNAMES | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| GUESSINGROWS | Yes | No | 1 to 2147483647 | 20 | |
| PUTNAMES | No | Yes | Yes|No | Yes | |
| DLM | DATAROW | Yes | No | 1 to 2147483647 | 2 |
| DELIMITER | Yes | Yes | 'char' | 'nn'x | ' ' | |
| GETNAMES | Yes | No | Yes|No | Yes | |
| GUESSINGROWS | Yes | No | 1 to 2147483647 | 20 | |
| PUTNAMES | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
specifies the row number where the IMPORT procedure startsreading data.
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| 2 |
| 1 to 2147483647 |
| If GETNAMES=Yes, then DATAROW=numberge 2. |
| If GETNAMES=No, then DATAROW=1. |
specifies the delimiter that separates the columns of datafor the IMPORT and EXPORT procedures.
| A blank character. |
| Support only for DLM and CSV typefiles. |
| A blank character is used as the defaultdelimiter. |
| Specify the delimiter as a single characteror as a hexadecimal value. If columns of data are separated by an ampersand,specify DELIMITER='&'. |
specifies whether the IMPORT procedure is to generate SASvariable names from the data values in the first row of the import file.
If a data value in the first record contains special characters thatare not valid in a SAS name, SAS converts the character to an underscore.For example, the column name Occupancy Code becomesthe SAS variable name Occupancy_Code.
| YES | specifies that the IMPORT procedure generate SASvariable names from the data values in the first row of the imported Excelfile. |
| NO | specifies that the IMPORT procedure generate SASvariable names as F1, F2, F3, and so on. |
| Yes |
| Valid only for Windows. |
| Valid only for the IMPORT procedure. |
| Supported only when DBMS=EXCEL.Due to a Microsoft Jet engine limitation, no more than 64 characters of columnnames are written to SAS variable labels. |
specifies that number of rows that the IMPORT procedureis to scan to determine the appropriate data type for the columns. The scanprocess scans from row 1 to the row number that is specified by GUESSINGROWS=option.
| 20 |
| Number of rows: 1 to 2147483647 |
| The default row number can be changed inthe SAS REGISTRY as follows: From the SAS menu SolutionsAccessoriesRegistry Editor. Whenthe Registry Editor opens, select ProductsBASEEFIGuessingRows. This opens the EditSigned Integer Valuewhere you can modify the Value Data item. |
specifies whether the EXPORT procedure is to write SAS variablenames to the first record of the exported data file.
specifies that the EXPORT procedure is todo the following tasks:
|
| specifies that the EXPORT procedure is towrite the first row of SAS data set values to the first row of the exporteddata file. |
| Yes |
| If you specify the LABEL= option, the SASvariable labels (not the variable names) are written as column headings. |
Example 1: Import a Tab-Delimited File into SAS
This code illustrates how the IMPORT procedure uses the first row of the tabdelimited file to generate SAS variable names. SAS starts to read data fromrow 2, and scans 10 rows of data to determine data types for each column.The invoice.txt file saves data with the tabcharacter ('09'x) as the delimiter.
Example 2: Import a Space-Delimited File into SAS
TheIMPORT procedure generates generic variable names such asVAR1 and VAR2. It starts to read data from row 2, and scans the default numberof rows (20) to determine the data types for each column.'20'x is the hexadecimal value for a space inASCII code.
Example 3: Export a SAS Data Set to a CSV File
TheEXPORT procedure exports the SAS data set, SDF.INVOICE, to a CSV file; invoice.csv.The SAS variable name is not used. The first row of the SAS data set is writtento the first row of the CSV file.
Example 4: Import a Subset of a CSV File into SAS
The IMPORT procedure starts to read data in row 6. It reads 10observations from the selected columns in the customer CSV file. The globalOBS= option limits the number of data rows to import. The OBS=MAX option resetsthe OBS= option to the default value.
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